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    Tag: Autumn Statement

    Jane Parry – tax partner at PM+M: Autumn Statement 2023 commentary

    Posted on by Laura Bannan

    In today’s Autumn Statement, the Chancellor lauded the government’s achievement of meeting its target of halving inflation. No one could argue that is a good thing, but some caution is needed as most of that drop has been driven by falling energy prices, and prices are still rising – albeit at a slower rate. However, thanks to the OBR’s reassessment of the public finances, he now has billions of extra economic firepower that has come at just the right time for the Tories as we enter an election year.

    Tax

    The decision to cut national insurance by 2% for employees is an opportunity to reduce taxes for middle-income families from January 6th 2024. That will play out well, but there is a risk that putting cash in consumers’ wallets could drive up prices when the pressure needs to be on continuing to bring down inflation. I’m also not sure it will do much to actually stimulate wider economic growth and may even require the Bank of England to keep interest rates higher for longer. I would also question why self-employed people are only seeing a 1% drop and why he hasn’t made any matching reductions in employers’ NIC.

    Investment

    The decision to make permanent the 100% expensing allowance for investment, which allows firms to offset spending on plant and machinery against profits, is great news for big businesses and will be welcomed by industry and business groups. My feeling is that the OBR will probably raise its forecast as result, which will give the Treasury extra income that it can use to balance out the overall cost.  However, only a small proportion of businesses use expensing.  The vast majority of smaller businesses already get maximum tax relief for their capital expenditure via the £1m annual investment allowance.  They won’t see any benefit from what the Chancellor was heralding as the biggest business tax cut in modern British history.

    The decision to go ahead and merge the SME and large company R&D tax credit schemes goes against widespread calls to defer the change, but at least it will give businesses certainty about the relief available for their investment.  In practice, and in response to much publicised abuse of the scheme, there has been a huge sea change in how HMRC respond to R&D claims and we are seeing a very draconian approach which is slowing down claims and deterring many businesses from attempting to make claims.  It is to be hoped that this will settle down soon so that companies genuinely investing in R&D can have the confidence that this will be properly rewarded.

    Levelling Up

    We have heard various pledges around levelling up economic growth over the past few years. No real benefit has come to fruition as yet, but the announcement of the £150M Investment Opportunity Fund and the extensions of the Investment Zone Programme, including in Greater Manchester, and Freeport tax relief are all sound in theory. Hunt claims these measures will unlock business investment and boost jobs across the UK. Time, as they say, will tell.

    Apprenticeships

    As a business, we are passionate about nurturing young talent via our own established apprenticeship programme so the news the government is committing to a further £50m for a two-year apprenticeship pilot that will explore new ways of stimulating training in growth sectors is most welcome. Its success, will of course, depend on how it is actually rolled out and implemented.

    Pensions

    The confirmation that pension triple lock is here to stay was no great surprise. It guarantees pensions rise by inflation or earnings over the previous year, or 2.5%, whichever is highest. The total pay figure in September was highest and will be used to increase the state pension by 8.5%. There had been murmurings that the uplift could be reduced by excluding bonuses, but the formula remains unchanged. I do also welcome his “pot for life” reforms that will now give workers the right to nominate the pension scheme their employer pays contributions into. This will end the difficulties faced by anyone who build ups multiple retirement funds as a result of moving jobs. This kind of simplification will give more control and clarity.

    Employment costs

    Whilst the 9.8% increase in the National Minimum Wage is appreciated and much needed, no mention was made of how the Chancellor plans to support businesses already under pressure from increasing wage costs.  This will be particularly challenging for sectors such as the care sector where wages are the biggest cost and profitability is already tight.

    There was also no mention of lessening the inequitable benefits trap which sees low income workers seeing only minimal benefit from working extra hours as their benefits are clawed back.  Solving this might have helped unlock some of the additional labour capacity he was so keen to talk about.

    Conclusion

    Hunt’s claims that the economy has turned a corner are probably true after a series of massive challenges, including the war in Ukraine and the pandemic. Inflation is – of course – now falling but the economy isn’t out of the woods and there is still a risk of recession next year. Over the next few months, the key will be if people start to feel richer and believe their lost spending power is slowly returning or get the confidence to spend some of the £140bn of savings built up during the pandemic. However, it might all come a little too late if he and Rishi Sunak are hoping for a pre-election recovery.

    Jane Parry’s thoughts on the Autumn Statement

    Posted on by Rebecca Campbell

    This Autumn Statement was the Conservative Party’s opportunity to finally draw a line under the disaster that has become known as Trussonomics. However, its legacy will continue to loom large over the economy for the next few years. The fact that much of the current pain could have been avoided had Truss and Kwarteng actually listened and not acted in such a crusader-like fashion is more than frustrating; it’s still beyond comprehension.

    The official announcement of the much-briefed cuts to public spending was no surprise and marks the start of austerity 2.0 despite Jeremy Hunt’s insistence it’s not; even though the scale of fiscal consolidation is comparable to Osborne’s 2010 budget but with a different mix: 55% spending cuts and 45% tax hikes.

    The £60bn black hole in the public finances needs to be filled but it’s the poorest in society who will feel the most distress. Government departments are facing a spending freeze in real terms between 2025 and 2028, saving about £30 billion per year by 2028. That’s an eye watering figure but the damage inflicted on the UK’s public services will be felt by ordinary working people; no one should shy away from acknowledging that harsh reality and what it will mean for all of us.

    Jeremy Hunt had already warned that he planned to reduce the energy support package which capped energy costs for an average household at £2,500 for the next two years. Today’s statement will see the introduction of targeted support from April 2023, which is good news in terms of giving us some certainty, but means that most of us – except for pensioners and those on low incomes – will be faced with cost increases to the higher cap of around £3,000. Millions of people, including some lower middle earners, are already choosing between eat or heat this winter so this will be a real kick in the teeth. It will also make people reassess how they spend any disposable income they may have which will have a direct effect on their discretionary and luxury purchases. Retail and hospitality are still reeling from both the pandemic and soaring costs so this will – I fear – be another nail in the coffins of many firms, which is heart-breaking.

    The decision to extend the freeze on personal tax thresholds – including income tax, national insurance and inheritance tax – until April 2028 will mean more of us are going to be paying higher-rate tax. This fiscal drag will no doubt work as incomes are expected to continue to rise in-line with inflation, thus hauling more and more of us into paying tax and then into the higher tax bands. This move is expected to raise billions for the Treasury but is yet another hit to personal finances. The same principle applies to pensioners, even though the Pensions Triple Lock and Pension Credit will be protected and rise in April 2023 by 10.1%, and those on benefits. Nobody is immune.

    The reduction of the additional tax rate threshold from £150,000 to £125,140 does, in theory, mean that higher earners will have a larger tax burden. It certainly chimes with the chancellor’s notion that, “people with the broadest shoulders will bear the heaviest burden”. However, it’s maximum impact is £1,243 per year, so it could be argued that this is just a headline grabbing, token act on the Treasury’s part and won’t actually raise that much money.

    The big increase in the National Minimum Wage to £10.42 sounds great, but sadly for most low earners, most of it will disappear in matching reductions in benefits.  I fear it will largely just end up being an increase in costs for employers, many of whom are already struggling to stay afloat.

    I am very pleased the oil and gas companies windfall tax will be extended and rise from 25% to 35%. It is a positive step, although I believe it should have been higher still. It would have been a step forward in making a slightly fairer society. Especially when the package of support on business rates is around £13.6 billion in total. A higher windfall tax could have helped to raise this and reduce other announced cuts and tax increases.

    The changes in capital gains tax and dividend allowances were no massive surprise but they chip further away at business owners.

    In terms of R&D, the decision to scale back the benefits of the currently very generous SME scheme is a shame, but I guess is an inevitable consequence of a few unscrupulous advisers and fraudsters spoiling it for everyone else. The increase in the RDEC (large company) scheme credit is welcomed and I suspect this is the first step towards everyone eventually moving onto the RDEC scheme. I understand that RDEC is less susceptible to fraudulent claims, however, it is much less generous.  Many innovative, small companies rely on their R&D tax credit claims to keep them afloat in their early years and I fear this could create much damage and threaten the viability of some of them.

    The much-maligned term ‘levelling up’ was uttered to some scorn from the other side of the House of Commons but I do welcome the announcement that round two of the Levelling Up Fund will invest at least £1.7bn in local projects across the UK. Hopefully it will be actioned. Although I am slightly sceptical that his plan to encourage competition within the science and digital technology industries will turn the UK into the world’s next silicon valley.

    It’s clear today’s statement was all about bringing down inflation, but whilst it remains stubbornly high, at the current rate of 11.1%, the prospect of long-term sustainable economic growth will remain a pipedream. The government needs to get a handle on this hidden tax by getting debt down and balancing the books over the medium term.  Will they do it? That’s just a waiting game. But at least today feels like a credible first step backed up by independent analysis, rather than blind hope or an ideology. What is guaranteed is that we are all in for a bumpy and painful couple of years.

    Autumn Statement 2022 – what can we expect?

    Posted on by Rebecca Campbell

    The much-anticipated Autumn Statement on 17 November is going to be crucial in laying out the government’s economic approach for the next few years. Rishi Sunak has already committed to a ‘low tax, high growth’ economy, and the Chancellor, Jeremy Hunt, promises to create confidence and stability in the UK economy, whilst lowering debt – a challenging balancing act.

    What can we expect in the upcoming Autumn Statement, and what measures do we believe the PM and his Chancellor should focus on to achieve short-term (and long-term) growth?

    Tax cuts

    It seems clear that the tax cuts briefly promised by Liz Truss and Kwasi Kwarteng are not going to happen and, in all likelihood, we will all end up paying more tax rather than less for the next few years.

    Corporation tax

    We already know that the corporation tax rate is set to increase from 19% to 25% on 1 April.  The question is what else will be done to business taxes?

    One suggestion is a scaling back of the currently very generous R&D tax credit regime.  A recent report commissioned by the government illustrates that for every £1 of tax relief, the large company RDEC scheme generates more investment by businesses that the more generous SME scheme.  We may therefore see a scaling back or even abolition of the SME scheme.   Much of this has been fuelled by abuse of the scheme by a minority of unscrupulous businesses and advisers and it is unfortunate that this could spoil the relief for those using it legitimately to fund much needed R&D.

    Income tax

    To achieve the sort of tax increases that we need to get the national finances back on track, only income tax, National Insurance and VAT are big enough taxes to make a difference quickly.  Changing the rates of these taxes would mean breaking the triple lock, a core manifesto pledge.  It remains to be seen whether the Prime Minister and Chancellor are brave enough and have the political backing to do that.

    What is probably more likely is an extension of the fiscal creep approach which we have already seen Rishi Sunak apply when he was Chancellor, by further extending the freeze on income tax rate thresholds.  Meaning that more and more taxpayers will be dragged into paying tax and moving up into higher tax rate bands over the next few years.

    We could also see some increases in dividend tax rates.  We already know that the health and social care surcharge, which has been abolished for earnings, will remain for dividends.  The question is whether the chancellor will take that a step further and choose to add further to dividend tax rates.

    Support for hospitality – cut to VAT?

    Although the government have previously recognised the damage caused to the hospitality industry throughout the pandemic, the cost of living and energy crises may be the final straw for many businesses that have barely recovered from the forced closures over the past two years. A reintroduction of the 5% reduced rate of VAT could go some way to support the hospitality industry through the Winter.  Whether that will happen remains to be seen.

    Capital gains tax

    Whilst capital gains tax provides only a small part of the overall tax take, we periodically see debate about whether rates will increase, which in turn provokes a flurry of activity and business sales.

    Rumours are currently circulating that the Chancellor may choose to increase the headline rate of capital gains tax or that he may choose to tweak, restrict or possibly even abolish the principle private residence exemption which currently exempts gains on selling your main residence from tax.  If so, it may be that there is a window of opportunity before changes taking effect on 6 April, although that could have a challenging impact on the property market if property investors or second home owners rush to dispose of them before tax rate changes take effect.

    The UK energy market

    As we all know, the government needs to fix the UK energy market. Part of that solution in the short term is ensuring businesses are less reliant on ‘purchased’ power by increasing their green credentials. Although businesses do currently receive tax relief on investments into green and renewable equipment, it isn’t enough to make it economically viable for most companies to really make the commitment.

    Investment in renewable energy usually sees a payback in 5-7 years, therefore, the introduction of an interest-free loan scheme to promote investment in renewables could be a solution – smoothing out energy costs. Alternatively, accelerated, or enhanced tax relief for companies who do invest in green and renewable equipment (similar to R&D tax relief) could be something else the government consider.

    The property market

    Possible solutions the government may be considering to help solve the housing crisis include:

    • Introducing an annual tax on second homes
    • Tax relief on mortgage interest for first time buyers
    • Stamp Duty exemption for homeowners who are downsizing

    Further strategies could include:

    • VAT exemption on home improvements that reduce energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions

    Pensions and investments

    It is likely that we will see some fiscal creep in the freezing of the pension lifetime allowance at its current £1,073,000 for a further 2 years, thus dragging more pension savings into tax.

    We may also see the Chancellor finally biting the bullet and removing higher rate income tax relief for pension contributions.  Whether this would happen immediately or on 6 April remains to be seen, but if you are planning a lump sum pension contribution soon, making it this week would perhaps make sense.

    Making tax digital

    The next phase of the government’s masterplan to create a real time tax system is Making Tax Digital for Income Tax (MTD for ITSA).  This is due to come into effect on 6 April 2024, meaning that self employed people and landlords will need to start planning for it and moving to MTD compatible digital accounting systems next year.

    It seems clear that there is some way to go for HMRC and the various software houses to get into a position where a viable system will work and, for this reason as well as the fact that it will impose additional compliance costs on taxpayers at a time when many other costs are increasing, we have seen the major accountancy bodies calling for a deferral of the introduction of MTD for ITSA.  I very much hope that the Chancellor listens to this and pushes it back to allow time for a more orderly introduction.

    Get in touch

    Clearly all of the above is speculation.  We will need to wait until 17 November to see what will actually happen to our taxes.

    If however you would like to discuss any of the matters discussed in this article, contact your usual PM+M adviser, or get in touch with Jane Parry by clicking the button below.

    Ensure you are up to date with the Chancellor’s announcements in the upcoming Autumn Statement by attending our seminar on 18 November at Stanley House. Our panel of experts will be providing valuable insights into what the government’s plans mean for you and your business. Find out more and book your place by clicking here.